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Shaul Shapira's avatar

"It is in Israel that the Jewish People can live life and express themselves as the Jewish People to the fullest. It is in Israel that society is based around Jews and Judaism, that the simple fact of living productively is supporting the nation, that nearly the entire country marks Shabbat and chagim, that the national language is our language from thousands of years ago,"

The problem here is that you're simply defining Judaism based on some nebulous vibes about Jewish-ness. To put it plainly, it's not exactly obvious that having a Jewish state where 2 out the 3 aveiros chamuros (znus and avoda zara) are protected by law is some sort of fulfillment of Jewish destiny.

https://www.rationalistjudaism.com/p/pure-gold/comment/18304433

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Just Curious's avatar

Incidentally, while the Batei Mikdash stood, our idealized and yearned-for Jewish homeland was ruled, more often than not, by kings whose governments not only sanctioned but actively encouraged and promoted avodah zarah… 🤷‍♂️

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Shaul Shapira's avatar

"Incidentally, while the Batei Mikdash stood, our idealized and yearned-for Jewish homeland was ruled, more often than not, by kings whose governments not only sanctioned but actively encouraged and promoted avodah zarah…"

And how'd that work out?

https://www.sefaria.org/II_Kings.21.12?lang=bi

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Nachum's avatar

Doesn't matter. Living in Israel was still better than galut. If it wasn't, we wouldn't mourn the churban.

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Shaul Shapira's avatar

We mostly mourn the churban of the beis hamikdash.

https://www.nli.org.il/he/piyut/Piyut1media_010636603290005171/NLI

Sovereignty isn't the ultimate in and of itself. If it were, Yirmiyahu Hanavi's detractors would have been right. https://www.sefaria.org/Jeremiah.27.9?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en

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Natan Slifkin's avatar

Actually, eicha and the kinnos hardly mention the beis hamikdash at all.

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Aryeh Fruchtshmidt's avatar

What are you talking about? Eicha mentions the Beis Hamikdash several times, the Kinnos mentions it many times. Eichah hardly mentions Jewish sovereignty. It is mostly about suffering. Anyways, what is Tisha b'Av about? בְּתִשְׁעָה בְאָב נִגְזַר עַל אֲבוֹתֵינוּ שֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנְסוּ לָאָרֶץ, וְחָרַב הַבַּיִת בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה וּבַשְּׁנִיָּה, וְנִלְכְּדָה בֵיתָר, וְנֶחְרְשָׁה הָעִיר.

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Ephraim's avatar

You've lost the plot.

Nachum seems to be arguing that had we not been exiled, there wouldn't have been such mourning for the בית המקדש. I don't know if he's right, but you haven't addressed his point.

"Sovereignty isn't the ultimate in and of itself. "

You've lost the plot. Nachum mentioned galut, not sovereignty. Nor did he even hint that sovereignty is " the ultimate in and of itself."

You shouldn't attribute things that have not been mentioned.

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ChanaRachel's avatar

In Israel, even the most secular Jew is exposed to Judaism on a daily basis. He's aware of the Jewish calendar; hears Israeli, and sometimes religious-Israeli music in the supermarket, rather than "Jingle Bells"; is likely to -at times- eat Kosher food, even if he doesn't want to; speaks Hebrew; probably quotes Psukim without realizing it; hears the radio/TV sign on/off with the Shema; is more likely to marry with an orthodox rabbi officiating.

For those of us committed to Halacha, that's certainly not enough, but it beats the christian environment in every other country where Jews live.

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Shaul Shapira's avatar

I agree somewhat. It's honestly charming to see מפני שיבה תקום signs on buses. Not sure how significant it is overall though. Seems like the equivalent of American Jews with Maxwell house hagaddas who eat a little matzah in addition to their regular chametz diet.

By the way, do the buses in Haifa which run on shabbos have 'Shabbat Shalom' displays?

https://www.timesofisrael.com/ignoring-objections-minister-inaugurates-new-bus-route-in-haifa-during-shabbat/

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Just Curious's avatar

Does the state compel one to commit those aveiros?

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Nachum's avatar

Certainly some of the other states good Jews live in compel them to.

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Just Curious's avatar

There are countries in that force people to commit avodah zarah and arayot??

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Nachum's avatar

Or bake cakes for it.

Or not work on Sunday.

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Just Curious's avatar

Ohhhh. That ain’t quite the same thing.

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Shaul Shapira's avatar

I don't think so.

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Nachum's avatar

You don't *think* so.

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Nachum's avatar

Oh, well that settles it.

By the way, charedim happily send their women to work in major corporations and even demand government affirmative action to place their men in government departments. All of which are a lot looser than the military.

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Shaul Shapira's avatar

Tell me more about positivity, Mr. effervescent sunshine. https://www.rationalistjudaism.com/p/herzl-and-the-rabbits/comment/62315886

Also, R Aviner isn't charedi.

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Ephraim's avatar

" you're simply defining Judaism"

You're making stuff up. There was no definition of Judaism provided here.

" Shabbat and chagim" are not " some nebulous vibes".

"some sort of fulfillment of Jewish destiny. "

You're making stuff up. I saw no reference to the fulfillment of Jewish destiny. What worse than going for a straw-man argument is constructing one without any straw.

"where... znus ... protected by law"

But enough about MK Litzman.

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Shaul Shapira's avatar

"There was no definition of Judaism provided here."

You're right that there was no explicit definition. But the entire point is premised on the claim that 'society is based around Jews and Judaism.' That claim necessarily entails a definition of Judaism.

"You're making stuff up. I saw no reference to the fulfillment of Jewish destiny."

You're making stuff up about me making stuff up. (We could do this all day, I suppose...) From the post: 'While the parallels of all this to modern Jewish history are obvious, there’s something additional that I want to point out, which is an especially relevant message for our situation... it’s a better quality of life, because it enables the rabbits to live as rabbits in the fullest possible way.'

"But enough about MK Litzman."

You've made that joke already. https://www.rationalistjudaism.com/p/pure-gold/comment/18489632 It was okay the first time. But getting kind of tedious.

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Ephraim's avatar

"But the entire point is premised on the claim that 'society is based around Jews and Judaism.' That claim necessarily entails a definition of Judaism."

No it doesn't. Nor is it relevant. If we define Judaism by Torah & Mitzvot, it would still be true that 'society is based around Jews and Judaism.'

"You're making stuff up about me making stuff up. ..."

I still see no reference to Jewish destiny. You complain too much. You start off with the most comprehensive and most ambitious metric in order to give legitimacy to your complaints. No one here disagrees with the metric as a measure for where we wish to be. But to use it as a measure to assess an ongoing process, and declare it a failure is illegitimate complaining. The answer to your "Are we there yet?" is "No, but we're making progress".

You complain about Haifa buses, (an anomaly, partially due to its large Arab population) and you don't celebrate that the overwhelming majority of cities don't have buses on שבת. Don't worry, we'll get there.

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Shaul Shapira's avatar

"If we define Judaism by Torah & Mitzvot, it would still be true that 'society is based around Jews and Judaism."

Oh sure. Especially Tel-Aviv. Because they even use a Hebrew word like Ga'vah for the parades. And the newspapers have 'rechilut' sections.

Unlike, say, Boro Park, where to find a minyan one needs to travel for.... meters .

"I still see no reference to Jewish destiny. You complain too much. ... your complaints... to use it as a measure to assess an ongoing process, and declare it a failure is illegitimate complaining. ..You complain about Haifa buses,"

I'm not complaining. I'm not especially anti-zionist or anything like that. I'm not satmar (not that I think there's anything terribly wrong with Satmar.) I just try not get carried away with my Halvah. https://www.rationalistjudaism.com/p/pure-gold/comment/18299863

"The answer to your "Are we there yet?" is "No, but we're making progress"."

I didn't ask if we're there yet. But thanks for the update anyhow. I suppose you might say we're 'כפסע מהניצחון.' Maybe even 'מהניצחון המוחלט' .

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Ephraim's avatar

"Because they even use a Hebrew word like Ga'vah for the parades. And the newspapers have 'rechilut' sections. "

The existence of sin, and heterodoxy does not negate the truth that ''society is based around Jews and Judaism.' It just diminishes it, and indicates we have not yet arrived.

"Unlike, say, Boro Park"

Cherry picking the best of חו"ל (whether BP, KGH, Rockland, FL or Teaneck) against the "w*rst" of ארץ ישראל is not a reliable measure.

"I'm not complaining."

The pH level of your comments reads otherwise.

" I'm not especially anti-zionist or anything like that. I'm not satmar (not that I think there's anything terribly wrong with Satmar.)"

That really doesn't clarify things. Not identifying with Satmar is no major feat. One can be still rather fringey and fanatical without going whole hog with Satmar ideology.

" I suppose you might say we're 'כפסע מהניצחון.' "

I don't need you to translate my words and make up aphorisms for me. If I said something unclear, let me know.

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Shaul Shapira's avatar

"If I said something unclear, let me know."

Sure thing: You're being very unclear. What the heck is your actual point?

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Nachum's avatar

You only have to travel for meters to find a minyan in Tel Aviv. And you aren't worshipping idols by doing so.

By the way "rechilut" and "lashon hara" mean the opposite in modern Hebrew than they do in halacha. But sure, keep looking at the negatives! It's sooooo healthy, and such a great excuse!

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Ephraim's avatar

"rechilut" classically means peddling. It has a rather noxious connotation, and evokes an image of a polemicist who dives into the dumpster of history and civilization and pulls out the most unpleasant but unrepresentative facts and quotations, polishes and collates them, and presents them to the unsuspecting buyer as something parading as truth.

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Shaul Shapira's avatar

"By the way "rechilut" and "lashon hara" mean the opposite in modern Hebrew than they do in halacha"

No they don't. Rechilut, like rechilus means gossip. You're probably thinking of the relationship between *motzi shem ra* and lashon hara.

"But sure, keep looking at the negatives! It's sooooo healthy, and such a great excuse!"

1) There are many positive things about the state of Israel. As well as the state of New York. Neither of them are built around torah and mitzvos. Which doesn't make them, on the whole, bad. It's just the reality. 2) Considering the many disgusting things you regularly say about charedim in the comments section of this blog, eg https://www.rationalistjudaism.com/p/when-torah-is-poison/comment/57671497 you're really in no position to lecture me about positivity. טול קורה מבין עיניך .

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Nachum's avatar

Wow, how much time do you have on your hands to go through endless posts? How much space do you have available in your head?

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Nachum's avatar

"There is not going to be a holocaust or any mass murder of Jews in America or England."

Point taken, but there is an anti-Jewish riot being planned for this Sunday morning right down the street from where my parents live in Queens. (Seriously, you can look it up: This is the same thing as happened in LA recently.) That tends to concentrate the mind.

By the way, I was always told that the rabbits in the Haggadah is because of a play on words on "Yaknehaz." But recently I read another explanation, that rabbit hunting was just a symbol of spring in that time and place. Is either true? Is it your reason? Is it something else?

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Natan Slifkin's avatar

It's both.

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Nachum's avatar

I bow to your superior knowledge.

My favorite is the manuscript of the Mishna Torah from the 1400's (I think) which illustrates Ahava with a picture of jousting knights, because "Ahava" is literally "romance" and medieval romances involved jousting knights.

Ma'akhaklot Asurot is illustrated with tiny pictures of non-kosher animals.

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Chana Siegel's avatar

It was never written as a children's book. When it came out in the early '70s, it was on the NYT best seller list as a book for adults.

I was in 8th grade at the time and decided to get a copy after reading a review in the NYT review of books. It was one of the first adult-type books I actually read, and I was very proud of myself.

For me, the part of the story that impressed me most was that rabbits eat their own droppings.

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Natan Slifkin's avatar

It was read by adults, but the author intended it as a children's book.

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Chana Siegel's avatar

It was reviewed as an adult book, not for the juvenile section.

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Just Curious's avatar

Who gets to decide whether is a children’s book or not, the author or the NYT? 🤔

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Chana Siegel's avatar

I'm just saying, children's books were not, as a rule, listed on the main list for bestselling fiction in the 1970s.

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משה פּופּיק's avatar

In the US, yes. But over here in the UK, it was very much received as a children's book. It won the Carnegie Medal, which is for the best children's book published in a particular year, and also the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize.

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Nachum's avatar

They have to; their digestive system doesn't do a complete job the first time around. This is why the Torah describes them as "chewing the cud," except it's not quite the same as it is for ruminants. (R' Slifkin wrote a whole book on this.)

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Chana Siegel's avatar

As Tom Lehrer says, "Sharks gotta swim and bats gotta fly".

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Nachum's avatar

I think it's "fish gotta swim and birds gotta fly".

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A. Nuran's avatar

Tom Lehrer's songs are all humorous. The quote is accurate

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rivka's avatar

You are both right. The lines are from different songs. The first is from She's My Girl, and the second is from Pollution.

(Also, all of his work is currently available free on his website: https://tomlehrersongs.com/)

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Ezra Brand's avatar

Eh, seems like classic confirmation bias / pattern matching, reading too much into it.

I asked chatgpt "interpret watership down as an allegory for palestinians. give concrete parallels, especially in names".

Response:

"""

"Watership Down," Richard Adams' classic novel, can be interpreted as an allegory for various oppressed groups, including Palestinians. This interpretation draws parallels between the rabbits' struggle for survival and the Palestinian experience. Here are some concrete parallels, especially focusing on names and characters:

1. **The Warren of Sandleford (the Palestinians under British Mandate/early Israel):**

- **Hazel**: A natural leader who guides his people to safety. Hazel can be seen as a representation of Palestinian leaders striving for a homeland.

- **Fiver**: A visionary who foresees danger. His role can be paralleled with those Palestinians who foresaw the consequences of foreign intervention and the establishment of Israel.

2. **Cowslip's Warren (the Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza under initial Israeli control):**

- The rabbits here live in apparent peace but are under constant threat, similar to Palestinians who have faced occupation and control, with the illusion of autonomy but underlying danger.

3. **Efrafa (an allegory for Palestinians in refugee camps or under authoritarian control):**

- **General Woundwort**: Represents oppressive regimes or factions within Palestinian society that control with an iron fist. Woundwort’s methods can parallel the harsh conditions in some refugee camps or under certain militant factions.

- **Bigwig**: Initially part of Woundwort’s warren, he becomes a key figure in the resistance, similar to those who resist oppressive regimes from within.

4. **Watership Down (the Palestinian dream of a peaceful homeland):**

- The journey to Watership Down symbolizes the Palestinian aspiration for a safe and sovereign state where they can live freely and with dignity.

5. **El-Ahrairah (the Palestinian historical and cultural heritage):**

- A legendary figure among the rabbits, symbolizing the rich cultural and historical background of the Palestinians, and their continuous struggle and resilience.

6. **Names and Locations:**

- **Watership Down**: Represents the ideal Palestinian homeland, a place of safety and peace.

- **Efrafa**: Could be seen as a parallel to heavily controlled Palestinian territories, where freedom is limited, and survival is a daily struggle.

- **Sandleford**: The original warren, representing the Palestinian territories before the major conflicts and displacement.

By examining these parallels, "Watership Down" can be seen as an allegory for the Palestinian struggle for survival, autonomy, and peace. The characters' journeys, challenges, and aspirations reflect the real-life experiences and hopes of the Palestinian people.

"""

See also the quote here:

https://forward.com/culture/358479/richard-adams-wrote-against-intolerance-for-jews-and-everyone-else/

""

Turns out some people see it as an allegory for struggles against the Cold War, fascism, extremism. Or a protest against materialism, against the corporate state. “Watership Down” can be Ireland after the famine, Rwanda after the massacres. A quick online search for “Watership Down, allegory” definitively proves that the book is actually an adaptation of Homer and Virgil, or of the life of Jesus, or of Native American religion.

""

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Natan Slifkin's avatar

Hey, I wasn't claiming that Watership Down was ACTUALLY supposed to be a metaphor, it just lends itself well. Meanwhile, the AI interpretation falls down on closer inspection. The Palestinian drive has not been for a homeland; it's been for the replacement of Israel. They don't value freedom. And I'd love ChatGPT to elaborate on "the rich cultural and historical background of the Palestinians."

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Ezra Brand's avatar

Fair points, mostly agree. Mostly playing devil's advocate...

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Fluffy Cloud of Goodness's avatar

Your wish is my command

The Palestinian people have a rich cultural and historical background that stretches back thousands of years, intertwined with the history of the broader Levant region.

Ancient History

Canaanite Period (Bronze Age): The earliest known inhabitants of the region were the Canaanites, who lived in city-states and engaged in agriculture and trade. The Canaanites are mentioned in ancient Egyptian texts and the Bible.

Philistine Period (Iron Age): The Philistines, who are believed to have been of Aegean origin, settled in the coastal areas of what is now Gaza around the 12th century BCE. They established five main cities: Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, and Gath. Their name is the root of the modern term "Palestine."

Biblical Era: The region saw the rise of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah, which played a significant role in the religious and cultural history of the area. This period is crucial for the development of the Abrahamic religions.

Classical Antiquity

Persian and Hellenistic Periods: Following the conquest by the Neo-Babylonians and the subsequent Persian Empire, the region became part of the larger Achaemenid Empire. After Alexander the Great's conquest, it came under Hellenistic rule, significantly influencing local culture.

Roman Period: In 63 BCE, the region was conquered by the Romans and became part of the Roman province of Judea. Later, after the Jewish revolts, it was renamed Palaestina by Emperor Hadrian in an attempt to diminish Jewish ties to the land.

Islamic and Ottoman Periods

Early Islamic Period: After the Muslim conquests in the 7th century, the region became part of the Rashidun, Umayyad, and later Abbasid Caliphates. This period saw the flourishing of Islamic culture, architecture, and scholarship.

Crusader Period: The region was contested during the Crusades, leading to the establishment of the Crusader states, followed by the Ayyubid and Mamluk reconquests.

Ottoman Period: From the early 16th century until World War I, Palestine was part of the Ottoman Empire. This long period of relative stability allowed for the development of distinct Palestinian cultural and social institutions.

Modern History

British Mandate: After World War I and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations granted Britain the mandate over Palestine. This period saw significant political and social changes, including increased Jewish immigration and rising Arab nationalism.

1948 War and Nakba: The creation of the State of Israel in 1948 and the subsequent Arab-Israeli war led to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians, an event known as the Nakba (catastrophe). This had a profound impact on Palestinian identity and diaspora.

Ongoing Conflict: The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has continued to shape Palestinian society. Despite the challenges, Palestinians have maintained a strong sense of national identity, with vibrant cultural expressions in literature, music, art, and cuisine.

Culture

Literature and Poetry: Palestinian literature is renowned for its rich tradition, with poets like Mahmoud Darwish and writers like Ghassan Kanafani playing pivotal roles in expressing the Palestinian experience.

Music and Dance: Traditional Palestinian music and dance, such as the dabke, are integral parts of cultural celebrations and national identity.

Cuisine: Palestinian cuisine reflects the region's agricultural heritage and includes dishes like musakhan, maqluba, and various mezze.

Art: Palestinian artists often explore themes of identity, resistance, and heritage. The visual arts, including painting and sculpture, are vibrant aspects of contemporary Palestinian culture.

Oral Traditions: Storytelling, proverbs, and folklore remain important in preserving Palestinian cultural heritage and passing it on to future generations.

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David Ohsie's avatar

Good literature has universal themes.

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Moish's avatar

It's a meta story. It it can be applied to anything. If only the Palestinians saw themselves with self-agency and self-determinants we would have Paradise by now, instead of seeking martyrdom like the Japanese in the Philippine Islands.

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Ezra Brand's avatar

Agreed with the latter point (literally suicidal tactics)

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Nachum's avatar

This all seems kind of weak. You *asked* the computer to find parallels and worked to do so. I suppose it did the best it could, but none of it is based on reality.

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Ezra Brand's avatar

My point is that one can pattern match Watership Down to the history of persecuted Palestinians just as well as one can for the history of persecuted (Ashkenazi) Jews.

It's like people who interpret Nostradamus as applying to contemporary events

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David Ohsie's avatar

Yes. Precisely his point.

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Mark's avatar

Technically the chances of a violent death are much higher in the US than in Israel, because of the much higher rates of road and gun deaths. But admittedly those are not, well, "terrorizing" in the way that terror attacks are.

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Charlie Hall's avatar

The majority of US gun deaths are suicides.

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Nachum's avatar

And most homicide victims in the US are killed by people they know. Although gang drive-bys are an increasing problem, targeted at rivals they know but of course victimizing others.

Israel's actual violent crime rate (apart from terror) is very low. The vast majority is Arab-on-Arab, mostly clan/mafia disputes. Most of the Jewish-on-Jewish murders are also mafia. There are few to no Arab-on-Jew or Jew-on-Arab murders, again of course outside of "nationalistic" ones, and even those are rare (especially the latter). Not that it matters to the victims, of course.

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M Berman's avatar

I love Watership Down, but I never thought of the story from this perspective. I've long thought that another book by Adams, Shardik, can be viewed as his thoughts on a messianic dream that against all odds comes true. Spoiler - it's not pretty.

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A. Nuran's avatar

Shardik was a flipping MASTERPIECE. Various mystics have a saying "Lord, please make me strong enough to survive Your Love." All of that and more.

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Just Curious's avatar

Though I’ve never actually read/seen it, I’m familiar with Watership Down, and have been struck by its similarity in themes and content the American childrens book “Mrs. Frisby and Rats of NIMH”, which was published just 1 year before WD.

In that book, too, a colony of intelligent rodents (yes, yes, I know rabbits aren’t classified taxonomically as rodents…) struggles with the decision to relocate their home as they contend with the farmer on whose land they live and other humans who want to gas them.

It was also made into an excellent (and similarly terrifying-for-children) anti-Disney animated movie in the early ‘80s.

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A. Nuran's avatar

It is very much worth reading. His best is Shardik which deals with questions of faith, holiness, human expectations and the dreadful process of encountering the Divine. And nobody would mistake it for a children's book. My wife says it "is the book that puts 'awe' back in 'awful' "

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Diana Brewster's avatar

Lovely interpretation. Thank you for that.

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Ephie's avatar

There was a good discussion of Watership Down on a recent episode of The Great Books podcast.

https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/episode-327-watership-down-by-richard-adams/id1281089527?i=1000657785644

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Laurin Lewis's avatar

yes, let's have a showing of the film with discussion. I will be there. Laurin

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G Berry's avatar

I really enjoyed your analysis. This was required reading in my private, secular high school when I was in 10th grade back in 1972 I remember loving the book, although of course allegorical references to the Jewish people were not presented.

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Benjamin Kurtzer's avatar

This is a brilliant essay. So now the Jews not only control the media, but also the warren!

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Jonathan Abbett's avatar

I watched the animated series produced in 2018 — it's available on Netflix in the US — and thought it was well done. I'll have to rewatch with your analysis in mind.

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Rauvan M Averick's avatar

Jagen hazel - hunting a little hare (not rabbit)

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@jennibgaither's avatar

I LOVED that book. And now I love it more. Thank you.

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